Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第1题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第2题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第3题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第4题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第5题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第6题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第7题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第8题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第9题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第10题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第11题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第12题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第13题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第14题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第15题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第16题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第17题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第18题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第19题答案是______。

Scientists typically submit their papers to the editorial board of a journal specializing in a particular field of research.1______the paper is accepted for publication, the editorial board sends it out for peer review.During this procedure a panel of experts, or referees, 2______the paper,judging whether or not the research has been carried 3______in a fully scientific manner.If the referees are satisfied, publication 4______.If they have 5______, some of the research may have to be repeated, but if they 6______serious flaws, the entire paper may be rejected for publication. The peer-review process plays a critical role because it 7______high standards of scientific method. 8______, it can be a controversial area, as it allows 9______views to become involved.Because scientists are human, they cannot avoid 10______personal opinions about the value of each other’s work.Furthermore, because referees 11______to be senior figures, they may be less than welcoming to new or unorthodox ideas. Once a paper has been accepted and published, it becomes part of the vast and 12______body of scientific knowledge.In the early days of science, new research was always published in printed form, but today scientific information spreads by many different 13______.Most major journals are now available via the Internet, which makes them quickly 14______to scientists all over the world. When new research is published, it often acts as a springboard for further work.Its impact can then be 15______by seeing how 16______the published research appears as a cited work.Major scientific breakthroughs are cited thousands of times a year, but at the other 17______, obscure pieces of research may be cited 18______or not at all.However,citation is not always a 19______guide to the value of scientific work.Sometimes a piece of research will go largely 20______, only to be rediscovered in subsequent years. 第20题答案是______。