Whichof the following underlined words will be stressed when Julia responds to theperson who has mistaken her for Julian?

Theword “UNESCO” is called a(n)_______.

Helooks like a Scottish, but his accent may give him_______.

Thebook is so well received that it sells_______the million.

_______weare successful, we can be sure that we did our best.

——Will you be able to go swimming with us?
——_______.

_______isthe custom, the investigators carried out a painstaking search of the debrisafter the air crash.

Thereare different words for paternal grandmother (nainai) and maternalgrandmother(waipo) in Chinese, but in English the word “grandmother”isgenerally used in both cases, which suggests that_______.

Which of the following is employed by a speaker who addresses senior people as “theelderly” rather than “the old” ?

Byasking the question, “Can you list your favorite food in English?” , theteacher is using the technique of_______.

If ateacher wants to check how much students have learned at the end of a term,he/she would give them a(n)_______.

Whatlearning style does Xiao Li exhibit if she tries to understand every singleword when listening to a passage?

If ateacher asks students to put jumbled sentences in order in a reading class,he/she intends to develop their ability of_______.

Whena teacher says “What do you mean by that?” , he/she is asking the student for_______.

Whena teacher says “You'd better talk in a more polite way when speaking to theelderly”,he/she is drawing the students' attention to the_______of languageuse.

Which of the following is a display question?

Which of the following represents a contextualized way of practising“How often...” ?

Which of the following are controlled activities in an English class?

The_______is designed according to the morphological and syntactic aspects of alanguage.

The brainis truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our mostprecious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a pointwhere it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full” ?
Theanswer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated thanthat. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows thatinstead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of thebrain for new memories to form.
Previousbehavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead toforgetting.But in this study, researchers used new neuroimaging techniques todemonstrate for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
Thepaper's authors set out to investigate what happens in the brain when we try toremember information that's very similar to what we already know. This isimportant because similar information is more likely to interfere with existingknowledge, and it's the stuff that crowds without being useful.
To dothis, they examined how brain activity changes when we try to remember a “target”memory,that is, when we try to recall something very specific, at the same time astrying to remember something similar (a “competing” memory). Participants weretaught to associate a single word (say, the word sand) with two differentimages--such as one of Marilyn Monroe and the other of a hat.
Theyfound that as the target memory was recalled more often, brain activity for itincreased.Meanwhile, brain activity for the competing memory simultaneouslyweakened. This change was most prominent in regions near the front of thebrain, such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than key memory structures in themiddle of the brain, such as the hippocampus, which is traditionally associatedwith memory loss.
Theprefrontal cortex is involved in a range of complex cognitive processes, suchas planning,decision making, and selective retrieval of memory. Extensiveresearch shows this part of the brain works in combination with the hippocampusto retrieve specific memories.
If thehippocampus is the search engine, the prefrontal cortex is the filterdetermining which memory is the most relevant. This suggests that storinginformation alone is not enough for a good memory. The brain also needs to beable to access the relevant information without being distracted by similarcompeting pieces of information.
In dailylife, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that youlost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personalidentification number (PIN).
Researchin this field suggests that each time you remember the new PIN, you graduallyforget the old one: This process improves access to relevant information,without old memories interfering.
When weacquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within
existinginformation by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both thedesired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
Themajority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditionsunder which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “resounding”in Paragraph 2?

The brainis truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our mostprecious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a pointwhere it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full” ?
Theanswer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated thanthat. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows thatinstead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of thebrain for new memories to form.
Previousbehavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead toforgetting.But in this study, researchers used new neuroimaging techniques todemonstrate for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
Thepaper's authors set out to investigate what happens in the brain when we try toremember information that's very similar to what we already know. This isimportant because similar information is more likely to interfere with existingknowledge, and it's the stuff that crowds without being useful.
To dothis, they examined how brain activity changes when we try to remember a “target”memory,that is, when we try to recall something very specific, at the same time astrying to remember something similar (a “competing” memory). Participants weretaught to associate a single word (say, the word sand) with two differentimages--such as one of Marilyn Monroe and the other of a hat.
Theyfound that as the target memory was recalled more often, brain activity for itincreased.Meanwhile, brain activity for the competing memory simultaneouslyweakened. This change was most prominent in regions near the front of thebrain, such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than key memory structures in themiddle of the brain, such as the hippocampus, which is traditionally associatedwith memory loss.
Theprefrontal cortex is involved in a range of complex cognitive processes, suchas planning,decision making, and selective retrieval of memory. Extensiveresearch shows this part of the brain works in combination with the hippocampusto retrieve specific memories.
If thehippocampus is the search engine, the prefrontal cortex is the filterdetermining which memory is the most relevant. This suggests that storinginformation alone is not enough for a good memory. The brain also needs to beable to access the relevant information without being distracted by similarcompeting pieces of information.
In dailylife, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that youlost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personalidentification number (PIN).
Researchin this field suggests that each time you remember the new PIN, you graduallyforget the old one: This process improves access to relevant information,without old memories interfering.
When weacquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within
existinginformation by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both thedesired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
Themajority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditionsunder which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
According to the passage, why can't our brain be“full” ?

The brainis truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our mostprecious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a pointwhere it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full” ?
Theanswer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated thanthat. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows thatinstead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of thebrain for new memories to form.
Previousbehavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead toforgetting.But in this study, researchers used new neuroimaging techniques todemonstrate for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
Thepaper's authors set out to investigate what happens in the brain when we try toremember information that's very similar to what we already know. This isimportant because similar information is more likely to interfere with existingknowledge, and it's the stuff that crowds without being useful.
To dothis, they examined how brain activity changes when we try to remember a “target”memory,that is, when we try to recall something very specific, at the same time astrying to remember something similar (a “competing” memory). Participants weretaught to associate a single word (say, the word sand) with two differentimages--such as one of Marilyn Monroe and the other of a hat.
Theyfound that as the target memory was recalled more often, brain activity for itincreased.Meanwhile, brain activity for the competing memory simultaneouslyweakened. This change was most prominent in regions near the front of thebrain, such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than key memory structures in themiddle of the brain, such as the hippocampus, which is traditionally associatedwith memory loss.
Theprefrontal cortex is involved in a range of complex cognitive processes, suchas planning,decision making, and selective retrieval of memory. Extensiveresearch shows this part of the brain works in combination with the hippocampusto retrieve specific memories.
If thehippocampus is the search engine, the prefrontal cortex is the filterdetermining which memory is the most relevant. This suggests that storinginformation alone is not enough for a good memory. The brain also needs to beable to access the relevant information without being distracted by similarcompeting pieces of information.
In dailylife, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that youlost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personalidentification number (PIN).
Researchin this field suggests that each time you remember the new PIN, you graduallyforget the old one: This process improves access to relevant information,without old memories interfering.
When weacquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within
existinginformation by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both thedesired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
Themajority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditionsunder which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
According to the passage, which part of our brain is traditionally consideredto be fundamental to the formation of new memories?

The brainis truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our mostprecious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a pointwhere it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full” ?
Theanswer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated thanthat. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows thatinstead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of thebrain for new memories to form.
Previousbehavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead toforgetting.But in this study, researchers used new neuroimaging techniques todemonstrate for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
Thepaper's authors set out to investigate what happens in the brain when we try toremember information that's very similar to what we already know. This isimportant because similar information is more likely to interfere with existingknowledge, and it's the stuff that crowds without being useful.
To dothis, they examined how brain activity changes when we try to remember a “target”memory,that is, when we try to recall something very specific, at the same time astrying to remember something similar (a “competing” memory). Participants weretaught to associate a single word (say, the word sand) with two differentimages--such as one of Marilyn Monroe and the other of a hat.
Theyfound that as the target memory was recalled more often, brain activity for itincreased.Meanwhile, brain activity for the competing memory simultaneouslyweakened. This change was most prominent in regions near the front of thebrain, such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than key memory structures in themiddle of the brain, such as the hippocampus, which is traditionally associatedwith memory loss.
Theprefrontal cortex is involved in a range of complex cognitive processes, suchas planning,decision making, and selective retrieval of memory. Extensiveresearch shows this part of the brain works in combination with the hippocampusto retrieve specific memories.
If thehippocampus is the search engine, the prefrontal cortex is the filterdetermining which memory is the most relevant. This suggests that storinginformation alone is not enough for a good memory. The brain also needs to beable to access the relevant information without being distracted by similarcompeting pieces of information.
In dailylife, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that youlost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personalidentification number (PIN).
Researchin this field suggests that each time you remember the new PIN, you graduallyforget the old one: This process improves access to relevant information,without old memories interfering.
When weacquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within
existinginformation by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both thedesired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
Themajority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditionsunder which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
Whatis the main purpose of writing this article?

The brainis truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our mostprecious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a pointwhere it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full” ?
Theanswer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated thanthat. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows thatinstead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of thebrain for new memories to form.
Previousbehavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead toforgetting.But in this study, researchers used new neuroimaging techniques todemonstrate for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
Thepaper's authors set out to investigate what happens in the brain when we try toremember information that's very similar to what we already know. This isimportant because similar information is more likely to interfere with existingknowledge, and it's the stuff that crowds without being useful.
To dothis, they examined how brain activity changes when we try to remember a “target”memory,that is, when we try to recall something very specific, at the same time astrying to remember something similar (a “competing” memory). Participants weretaught to associate a single word (say, the word sand) with two differentimages--such as one of Marilyn Monroe and the other of a hat.
Theyfound that as the target memory was recalled more often, brain activity for itincreased.Meanwhile, brain activity for the competing memory simultaneouslyweakened. This change was most prominent in regions near the front of thebrain, such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than key memory structures in themiddle of the brain, such as the hippocampus, which is traditionally associatedwith memory loss.
Theprefrontal cortex is involved in a range of complex cognitive processes, suchas planning,decision making, and selective retrieval of memory. Extensiveresearch shows this part of the brain works in combination with the hippocampusto retrieve specific memories.
If thehippocampus is the search engine, the prefrontal cortex is the filterdetermining which memory is the most relevant. This suggests that storinginformation alone is not enough for a good memory. The brain also needs to beable to access the relevant information without being distracted by similarcompeting pieces of information.
In dailylife, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that youlost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personalidentification number (PIN).
Researchin this field suggests that each time you remember the new PIN, you graduallyforget the old one: This process improves access to relevant information,without old memories interfering.
When weacquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within
existinginformation by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both thedesired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
Themajority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditionsunder which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the subsequent study?

Formost American kids, it wouldn't be Halloween without trick-or-treating forcandy;however, that wasn't always the case. When the custom oftrick-or-treating started in the 1930s and early 1940s, children were giveneverything from homemade cookies and pieces of cake to fruit,nuts, coins andtoys. In the 1950s, candy manufacturers began to get in on the act and promotetheir products for Halloween, and as trick-or-treating became more popular,candy was increasingly regarded as an affordable, convenient offering. Itwasn't until the 1970s, though, that wrapped,factory-made candy was viewed asthe only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins thatshowed up on people's doorsteps. A key reason for this was safety, as parentsfeared that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren'tstore-bought and sealed.
Today,when it comes to Halloween candy, a number of the most popular brands areenduring classics. For example, the first Hershey's Milk Chocolate bar wasproduced in 1900 and Hershey's Kisses made their debut in 1907. Company founderMilton Hershey was a pioneer in the mass-production of milk chocolate andturned what previously had been a luxury item for the well-to-do into somethingaffordable for average Americans. In the early 1900s, he also built an entire town,Hershey, Pennsylvania, around his chocolate factory. In 1917, Harry BumettReese moved to Hershey, where he was a dairyman for the chocolate company andlater worked at its factory.Inspired by Milton Hershey's success, Reese, whoeventually had 16 children, began making candies in his basement. In themid-1920s, he built a factory of his own and produced an assortment of candies,including peanut butter cups, which he invented in 1928 and made with Hershey'schocolate. During World War II, a shortage of ingredients led Reese to pull theplug on his other candies and focus on his most popular producter, peanutbutter cups. In 1963, Hershey acquired the H.B Reese Candy Company.
In 1923,a struggling, Minnesota-born candy maker, Frank Mars, launched the Milky Way bar,which became a best-seller. In 1930, he introduced the Snickers bar, reportedlynamed for his favorite horse, followed in 1932 by the 3 Musketeers bar. Frank'sson Forrest eventually joined the company, only to leave after a falling outwith his father. Forrest Mars relocated to England, where he created the Marsbar in the early 1930s. In 1941, he launched M&Ms. Mars anticipated that WorldWar II would produce a cocoa shortage, so he partnered with Bruce Murrie, sonof a Hershey executive, in order to have access to a sufficient supply ofingredients; the candy's name stands for Mars and Murrie.
Anothercrowd-pleasing Halloween candy, the Kit Kat bar, was first sold in England in1935as a Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp and in 1937 was rechristened the Kit KatChocolate Crisp. The name is said to be derived from a London literary andpolitical group, the Kit-Cat (or Kit Kat) club,established in the late 17thcentury. The group's moniker is thought to be an abbreviation of the name ofthe man who owned the shop where the group originally gathered. Since 1988, thebrand has been owned by Nestle, maker of another perennial trick-or-treatfavorite, the Nestle Crunch bar,which debuted in the late 1930s.
What are the main features of Halloween candy in the 1970s?

Formost American kids, it wouldn't be Halloween without trick-or-treating forcandy;however, that wasn't always the case. When the custom oftrick-or-treating started in the 1930s and early 1940s, children were giveneverything from homemade cookies and pieces of cake to fruit,nuts, coins andtoys. In the 1950s, candy manufacturers began to get in on the act and promotetheir products for Halloween, and as trick-or-treating became more popular,candy was increasingly regarded as an affordable, convenient offering. Itwasn't until the 1970s, though, that wrapped,factory-made candy was viewed asthe only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins thatshowed up on people's doorsteps. A key reason for this was safety, as parentsfeared that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren'tstore-bought and sealed.
Today,when it comes to Halloween candy, a number of the most popular brands areenduring classics. For example, the first Hershey's Milk Chocolate bar wasproduced in 1900 and Hershey's Kisses made their debut in 1907. Company founderMilton Hershey was a pioneer in the mass-production of milk chocolate andturned what previously had been a luxury item for the well-to-do into somethingaffordable for average Americans. In the early 1900s, he also built an entire town,Hershey, Pennsylvania, around his chocolate factory. In 1917, Harry BumettReese moved to Hershey, where he was a dairyman for the chocolate company andlater worked at its factory.Inspired by Milton Hershey's success, Reese, whoeventually had 16 children, began making candies in his basement. In themid-1920s, he built a factory of his own and produced an assortment of candies,including peanut butter cups, which he invented in 1928 and made with Hershey'schocolate. During World War II, a shortage of ingredients led Reese to pull theplug on his other candies and focus on his most popular producter, peanutbutter cups. In 1963, Hershey acquired the H.B Reese Candy Company.
In 1923,a struggling, Minnesota-born candy maker, Frank Mars, launched the Milky Way bar,which became a best-seller. In 1930, he introduced the Snickers bar, reportedlynamed for his favorite horse, followed in 1932 by the 3 Musketeers bar. Frank'sson Forrest eventually joined the company, only to leave after a falling outwith his father. Forrest Mars relocated to England, where he created the Marsbar in the early 1930s. In 1941, he launched M&Ms. Mars anticipated that WorldWar II would produce a cocoa shortage, so he partnered with Bruce Murrie, sonof a Hershey executive, in order to have access to a sufficient supply ofingredients; the candy's name stands for Mars and Murrie.
Anothercrowd-pleasing Halloween candy, the Kit Kat bar, was first sold in England in1935as a Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp and in 1937 was rechristened the Kit KatChocolate Crisp. The name is said to be derived from a London literary andpolitical group, the Kit-Cat (or Kit Kat) club,established in the late 17thcentury. The group's moniker is thought to be an abbreviation of the name ofthe man who owned the shop where the group originally gathered. Since 1988, thebrand has been owned by Nestle, maker of another perennial trick-or-treatfavorite, the Nestle Crunch bar,which debuted in the late 1930s.
Whodoes the underlined word “boogeymen” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

Formost American kids, it wouldn't be Halloween without trick-or-treating forcandy;however, that wasn't always the case. When the custom oftrick-or-treating started in the 1930s and early 1940s, children were giveneverything from homemade cookies and pieces of cake to fruit,nuts, coins andtoys. In the 1950s, candy manufacturers began to get in on the act and promotetheir products for Halloween, and as trick-or-treating became more popular,candy was increasingly regarded as an affordable, convenient offering. Itwasn't until the 1970s, though, that wrapped,factory-made candy was viewed asthe only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins thatshowed up on people's doorsteps. A key reason for this was safety, as parentsfeared that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren'tstore-bought and sealed.
Today,when it comes to Halloween candy, a number of the most popular brands areenduring classics. For example, the first Hershey's Milk Chocolate bar wasproduced in 1900 and Hershey's Kisses made their debut in 1907. Company founderMilton Hershey was a pioneer in the mass-production of milk chocolate andturned what previously had been a luxury item for the well-to-do into somethingaffordable for average Americans. In the early 1900s, he also built an entire town,Hershey, Pennsylvania, around his chocolate factory. In 1917, Harry BumettReese moved to Hershey, where he was a dairyman for the chocolate company andlater worked at its factory.Inspired by Milton Hershey's success, Reese, whoeventually had 16 children, began making candies in his basement. In themid-1920s, he built a factory of his own and produced an assortment of candies,including peanut butter cups, which he invented in 1928 and made with Hershey'schocolate. During World War II, a shortage of ingredients led Reese to pull theplug on his other candies and focus on his most popular producter, peanutbutter cups. In 1963, Hershey acquired the H.B Reese Candy Company.
In 1923,a struggling, Minnesota-born candy maker, Frank Mars, launched the Milky Way bar,which became a best-seller. In 1930, he introduced the Snickers bar, reportedlynamed for his favorite horse, followed in 1932 by the 3 Musketeers bar. Frank'sson Forrest eventually joined the company, only to leave after a falling outwith his father. Forrest Mars relocated to England, where he created the Marsbar in the early 1930s. In 1941, he launched M&Ms. Mars anticipated that WorldWar II would produce a cocoa shortage, so he partnered with Bruce Murrie, sonof a Hershey executive, in order to have access to a sufficient supply ofingredients; the candy's name stands for Mars and Murrie.
Anothercrowd-pleasing Halloween candy, the Kit Kat bar, was first sold in England in1935as a Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp and in 1937 was rechristened the Kit KatChocolate Crisp. The name is said to be derived from a London literary andpolitical group, the Kit-Cat (or Kit Kat) club,established in the late 17thcentury. The group's moniker is thought to be an abbreviation of the name ofthe man who owned the shop where the group originally gathered. Since 1988, thebrand has been owned by Nestle, maker of another perennial trick-or-treatfavorite, the Nestle Crunch bar,which debuted in the late 1930s.
Which of the following correctly describes Milton Hershey?

Formost American kids, it wouldn't be Halloween without trick-or-treating forcandy;however, that wasn't always the case. When the custom oftrick-or-treating started in the 1930s and early 1940s, children were giveneverything from homemade cookies and pieces of cake to fruit,nuts, coins andtoys. In the 1950s, candy manufacturers began to get in on the act and promotetheir products for Halloween, and as trick-or-treating became more popular,candy was increasingly regarded as an affordable, convenient offering. Itwasn't until the 1970s, though, that wrapped,factory-made candy was viewed asthe only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins thatshowed up on people's doorsteps. A key reason for this was safety, as parentsfeared that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren'tstore-bought and sealed.
Today,when it comes to Halloween candy, a number of the most popular brands areenduring classics. For example, the first Hershey's Milk Chocolate bar wasproduced in 1900 and Hershey's Kisses made their debut in 1907. Company founderMilton Hershey was a pioneer in the mass-production of milk chocolate andturned what previously had been a luxury item for the well-to-do into somethingaffordable for average Americans. In the early 1900s, he also built an entire town,Hershey, Pennsylvania, around his chocolate factory. In 1917, Harry BumettReese moved to Hershey, where he was a dairyman for the chocolate company andlater worked at its factory.Inspired by Milton Hershey's success, Reese, whoeventually had 16 children, began making candies in his basement. In themid-1920s, he built a factory of his own and produced an assortment of candies,including peanut butter cups, which he invented in 1928 and made with Hershey'schocolate. During World War II, a shortage of ingredients led Reese to pull theplug on his other candies and focus on his most popular producter, peanutbutter cups. In 1963, Hershey acquired the H.B Reese Candy Company.
In 1923,a struggling, Minnesota-born candy maker, Frank Mars, launched the Milky Way bar,which became a best-seller. In 1930, he introduced the Snickers bar, reportedlynamed for his favorite horse, followed in 1932 by the 3 Musketeers bar. Frank'sson Forrest eventually joined the company, only to leave after a falling outwith his father. Forrest Mars relocated to England, where he created the Marsbar in the early 1930s. In 1941, he launched M&Ms. Mars anticipated that WorldWar II would produce a cocoa shortage, so he partnered with Bruce Murrie, sonof a Hershey executive, in order to have access to a sufficient supply ofingredients; the candy's name stands for Mars and Murrie.
Anothercrowd-pleasing Halloween candy, the Kit Kat bar, was first sold in England in1935as a Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp and in 1937 was rechristened the Kit KatChocolate Crisp. The name is said to be derived from a London literary andpolitical group, the Kit-Cat (or Kit Kat) club,established in the late 17thcentury. The group's moniker is thought to be an abbreviation of the name ofthe man who owned the shop where the group originally gathered. Since 1988, thebrand has been owned by Nestle, maker of another perennial trick-or-treatfavorite, the Nestle Crunch bar,which debuted in the late 1930s.
Howwas the name “Kit Kat Chocolate Crisp” derived?

Formost American kids, it wouldn't be Halloween without trick-or-treating forcandy;however, that wasn't always the case. When the custom oftrick-or-treating started in the 1930s and early 1940s, children were giveneverything from homemade cookies and pieces of cake to fruit,nuts, coins andtoys. In the 1950s, candy manufacturers began to get in on the act and promotetheir products for Halloween, and as trick-or-treating became more popular,candy was increasingly regarded as an affordable, convenient offering. Itwasn't until the 1970s, though, that wrapped,factory-made candy was viewed asthe only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins thatshowed up on people's doorsteps. A key reason for this was safety, as parentsfeared that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren'tstore-bought and sealed.
Today,when it comes to Halloween candy, a number of the most popular brands areenduring classics. For example, the first Hershey's Milk Chocolate bar wasproduced in 1900 and Hershey's Kisses made their debut in 1907. Company founderMilton Hershey was a pioneer in the mass-production of milk chocolate andturned what previously had been a luxury item for the well-to-do into somethingaffordable for average Americans. In the early 1900s, he also built an entire town,Hershey, Pennsylvania, around his chocolate factory. In 1917, Harry BumettReese moved to Hershey, where he was a dairyman for the chocolate company andlater worked at its factory.Inspired by Milton Hershey's success, Reese, whoeventually had 16 children, began making candies in his basement. In themid-1920s, he built a factory of his own and produced an assortment of candies,including peanut butter cups, which he invented in 1928 and made with Hershey'schocolate. During World War II, a shortage of ingredients led Reese to pull theplug on his other candies and focus on his most popular producter, peanutbutter cups. In 1963, Hershey acquired the H.B Reese Candy Company.
In 1923,a struggling, Minnesota-born candy maker, Frank Mars, launched the Milky Way bar,which became a best-seller. In 1930, he introduced the Snickers bar, reportedlynamed for his favorite horse, followed in 1932 by the 3 Musketeers bar. Frank'sson Forrest eventually joined the company, only to leave after a falling outwith his father. Forrest Mars relocated to England, where he created the Marsbar in the early 1930s. In 1941, he launched M&Ms. Mars anticipated that WorldWar II would produce a cocoa shortage, so he partnered with Bruce Murrie, sonof a Hershey executive, in order to have access to a sufficient supply ofingredients; the candy's name stands for Mars and Murrie.
Anothercrowd-pleasing Halloween candy, the Kit Kat bar, was first sold in England in1935as a Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp and in 1937 was rechristened the Kit KatChocolate Crisp. The name is said to be derived from a London literary andpolitical group, the Kit-Cat (or Kit Kat) club,established in the late 17thcentury. The group's moniker is thought to be an abbreviation of the name ofthe man who owned the shop where the group originally gathered. Since 1988, thebrand has been owned by Nestle, maker of another perennial trick-or-treatfavorite, the Nestle Crunch bar,which debuted in the late 1930s.
Whatis the passage mainly about?