Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.
1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it.Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.
The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 hightemperatures.This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.
Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof.12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is 1 3 to
follow the FSA advice.14 , it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 .
Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But
would life be worth living? 17 , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but to reduce their lifetime intake.However, its 19 risks coming across as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.
第1题答案是

This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley.Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.
Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions:"What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?"
What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists.Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as "West world" and"Humans."
Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced,says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist."We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there."
But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren't at hand.The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions.Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences,and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment.AI "vision" today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.
Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, "you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions," notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI.
Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines.Britain is setting up a data ethics center.India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.
On June 7 Google pledged not to "design or deploy AI" that would cause "overall harm,"or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms.It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.
While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point.So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.
To put it another way:How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein's out-of-control monster.
The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles______.

This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley.Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.
Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions:"What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?"
What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists.Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as "West world" and"Humans."
Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced,says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist."We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there."
But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren't at hand.The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions.Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences,and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment.AI "vision" today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.
Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, "you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions," notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI.
Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines.Britain is setting up a data ethics center.India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.
On June 7 Google pledged not to "design or deploy AI" that would cause "overall harm,"or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms.It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.
While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point.So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.
To put it another way:How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein's out-of-control monster.
The author's attitude toward Google's pledges is one of______.

Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.On the other hand, putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3 .
4 , why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good.5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting9 : In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.
11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask, "What's in here?"before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, "Wow!" Each subject was then invited to look 15 .Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty and— realized the tester had 17them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his
leadership.19 , only five of the 30 children paired with the " 20 " tester participated in a follow-up activity.
第16题答案是_____.

The U.S.Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink.It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue.Meanwhile,it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs.There are many reasons this formerly stable federal institution finds itself at the brink of bankruptcy.Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer —Congress — insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years,leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
Now comes word that everyone involved — Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service,the unions and the system's heaviest users — has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system.Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles,among other survival measures.Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shitting postal retirees int Medicare.The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions.
If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate —where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform.There's no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency's costs.Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery.That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year.But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House.The emerging
consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.It is not, however, a sign that they're getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21 st century.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding"'yes！" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a3 of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.
In a recent study 5over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7 to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and there searchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12
. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help16 difficulty."
Some experts 17 the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it 19 in the brain,where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
第8题选择是______.

Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brex it, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes.Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.
Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age.But 3 aging is inevitable,scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .
For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 .It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.
16 there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 .The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.
第8题答案是_____.

In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life.When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don't involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?
A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which ,rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually make those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.
Here are a few ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:
Better hiring practices
Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions."There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does," says Pedro Domingos , author of The Master Algorithm : How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science professor at the University of Washington.
In addition, (41)__________One company that's doing this is called Blendoor.It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.
More effective marketing
Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates.One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates.This can mean millions more in revenue.(42)__________These are "tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people," says Patrick H.Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.
Saving customers money
Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity.Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. Domingos says,"(43)__________"
Improved accuracy
"Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable," says Winston.It "helps people make smarter decisions." (44)__________
Protecting and maintaining infrastructure
A number of companies,particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen."If they fail first and then you fix them, it's very expensive," says Domingos."(45)__________"
A．AI replaces the boring parts of your job.If you're doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn't have time for.
B．One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit.This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
C．There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
D．You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it's useful for employees to go to.
E．Before,they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost the company money.
F．We're also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
G．AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
第43题答案是______.