Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. Television is the most significant of these influences, because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school. Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they may become aggressive or insecure. Parents are also concerned about the commercials that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers. Educational television has no commercial and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is Sesame Street, which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet（字母）and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live. Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children. These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive（被动的）consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it. Parents would not like their children to see commercials becase（）。

Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power. One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently.The computers help them keep more accurate records, so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for famers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm,students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power,farms of the future will depend on computer power. Another technological advance which is sill in the experimenal stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots wil make starting changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long. What is the best title for the whole pasage（）?

An idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple;help to build a sense of community in a city by geing everyone to read the same book at the same time. In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit（追求）to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well s promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong. In Chicago, the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book, One Chicago” program. As a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and stranger chatting away on the bus about the plot and characters. The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in mediumsized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity can be achieved. Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point, putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself. Ultimately, as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are eniched by the process or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word. The underlined words “shared a word” in the last paragraph probably mean（）。

Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart. “I have two kids in college, and I want to say ‘come home’, but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs. The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal Loan （贷款）program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% during the past 20 years, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade, “If we go on this way for anoher 25 years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M.Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?

During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a（）room in the hotels here.

—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. —I wish thy（）always late.

She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction（）had taken more than three years.

When I arrived in this country, I had to start learning the language from（）。

（）, I can see that those terrible events shaped me into the person I am today.

Betty: Good evening. ___5___ Joanna: Thank you for inviting me. Betty: Take a seat. Just make yourself at home. Joamna: Thank you. What a lovely house! Did you make it yourself, Mrs.Johnson? Betty: ___6___Yes, I did the decorating. ___7___ Joann: I like it a lot. I did the decorating.（）。

Cashier: How can I help you, Miss? Jackie: Could you break a 20 for me? Cachier: Sure.___8___ Jackie: Could l have two 5’s and the rest in ones? Cashier: ___9___but I don’t have enough 1’s. Are quarters fine with you? Jackje: ___10___ Sure.（）。

In 2011, Josh Trautwein was working as a nutrition educator in Boston, He learned that the neighborhood’s only grocery store was closing for a year of repair. The families were having a tough time finding another nearby market that sold fresh produce. Residents of Trutwein’s Boston community are not alone when it comes to lacking supermarkets that sell fresh and healthy food. According to the United States Deparment of Agriculture (USDA), 17% of Americans lived more than half a mile fom a supermarket in 2017. The USDA uses the term “food deserts” to describe neighborhoods that lack access to nutritious food. Trautwein began to imagine a new kind of market, an oasis（绿洲）for communities in need. In 2013, he teamed up with Annika Morgan to launch Fresh Truck, a school bus that functions as a grocery store on wheels. Now, with two mobile markets on the road, Fresh Truck provides communities in the Boston area with year-round access to fresh produce such as apples, carrots and eggplants at 17 locations. But Morgan says the term “food deserts” doesn’t paint a full picture. “The idea of food deserts implies that there is no food around” at all, she says, “when in reality there are a lot of barriers that prevent access.” These barriers include the high cost of fresh produce and people’s lack of familiarity with the produce that is available. Getting state and local officials enthusiastic about food issues is one way to remove these barriers, says Anne Palmer. Her group campaigns for the need for policies that connect people with healthy food. “It’s been fun to watch commmnities use food as a tool to organize,” Palmer says. “The best thing about an issue like this is that you can do something about it.” Which of the follwing can be the best title for the passage?

It is widely acknowledged that fully autonomous vehicles, or cars and trucks that can drive themselves without a human at the controls, are coming soon. In fact, Levels 1 and 2 autonomous vehicles are already on our roads. Many companies are currently testing autonomous vehicles (AVs), and AV programs have been launched across the country by various companies in the technology and transportation industries. AVs have the potential for tremendous safety benefits, but it will be decades until all vehicles on the road will be autonomous, and perhaps they never will. Until then, autonomous vehicles will need to share the road safely with human drivers. Futher, the public remains doubful about the safety of autonomous vehicles, Surveys have shown that fewer than 30% of people report that they would feel comfortable riding in a highly-automated vehicle, and less than a quarter would buy one as soon as it became available. This presents a challenge to states, which are responsible for public education,driver licensing, and establishing and enforcing traffic laws.The Governors Highway Safey Association (GHSA) believes that states should play a leading role in dealing with the issues that will come from a mix of autonomous and human-driven vehicles on the roads. GHSA’s latest report on AV technology outlines issues that automated driving systems may present to states, and discusses how law enforcement and State Highway Safety Offices should prepare for them. The report finds that most autonomous vehicles for the foreseeable future will share driving reponsibility wih humans, and are likely to do so for many decades. Moreover, there will continue to be crashes, injuries, and fatalities involving AVs, especially during this time in which they share the road with vehicles driven by humans. According to the author, the public（）。

Peter stood by me when I most needed it. I’ll aways（）that.

Why（）to study abroad when there are so many good universities at home?

Tom：I heard that you，re going to move. How about the new house? Mike：Oh, it’s perfect!____1_____. The surrounding is homey. And I love that huge yard, the dome window with the attic, and the fireplace in the bedroom. Tom: Wow，it sounds gorgeous!____2_____. Mike：Not that expensive, as a matter of fact. It’s really under price! Tom: How could that be? Mike：Our realtor said,____3_____ and he has to move and live with his parents! Tom: What a piece of luck! It has brought a lot of lovely color to your face! What’s the location? It’s hard to find such a house in the city. Mike：Yes.____4_____. Tom； Isn’t it very inconvenient for you to go to work? Mike：A little bit. But now we are expecting our baby and we decided not to raise the kid in the city. Tom：How sweet! You are already considerate parents for the baby! Our realtor said,____3_____ and he has to move and live with his parents!

Lisa：I just recently moved into the neighborhood. Ivy：____5_____How recently? Lisa：Just last week. Ivy：What kinds of things have you been doing out there? Lisa：____6_____ Ivy: Why not? Lisa：I don’t know what to do. Ivy：There are all sorts of things to do. Lisa：____7_____ Ivy：Shopping, or seeing a movie, or even going to the beach. Lisa：That sounds great. ____7_____

In 1866, sailors on a German ship called Paula threw a bottle with a message into waters hundreds of miles off the western coast of Australia. One hundred and thirty-one years later, the bottle was found on an Australian island. It’s believed to be the oldest-known message in a bottle, in terms of the amount of time that has passed between when it was written and when it was founD.Before this discovery, Guinness（吉尼斯）World Records said that the oldest was 108 years old, found in Germany in 2015. Australian and German researchers worked together to check whether the note is real or not. Tonya Illman was walking on the beach in January when she spotted the old bottle. “I picked it up thinking it might look nice on display in my home，” Illman says，according to an account on her husband’ s website. The bottle was partially filled with wet sanD.Shortly after, Illman’s son’s girlfriend poured out the contents and found a tightly rolled note covered in a piece of string. Too damp to open initially，according to the account，the group waited for it to dry and were amazed to see that it was carefully handwritten in German. “The first thing that caught my eye was the year 1866” said Illman’s husband Kym. “It seemed totally unlikely to us that the note and bottle could have lasted that long. The pair reached out to the Western Australia Museum, which set out to study the document. “Extraordinary finds need extraordinary evidence to support them, so we contacted colleagues in German for help to find more information，” Ross Anderson，who is in charge of works of art in the museum，said in a statement. But this message is no SOS or love letter. Which of the following is true ？

In 2014，older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, according to a report published last week. About 2. 8 million cases were treated in emergency department, and approximately 800,000 seniors went on to be hospitalized.More than 27,000 falls led to death. And the problem is getting more and more serious. “ Older adult falls are increasing and，sadly，often indicate the end of independence，” said Dr. Tom Frieden. The falls are preventable, Frieden stressed.He said individuals, families and health care providers can take steps to resist the trend. Dr. Wolf-Klein is a medical professor in New York. She said one concern is that seniors who have experienced a fall alone at home don’t tell anyone. When that happens, prevention efforts don’t begin and they ’re at risk for additional falls that lead to broken bones and brain injuries. “Elderly patients tend not to report falls to their families, or even doctors. A fall is a very frightening thing that you keep quiet about. They think if they mention it, they are afraid that they will move to a nursing home or need assistants to help out in the house，” said Wolf-Klein. It’s also a status issue and may make someone feel that they ’ re weaker than they really are， she explained.When someone does fall and hurt themselves, they’re often never the same, Wolf-Klein said.“You can develop chronic（慢性的）problems. After a fall, a percentage of the population will never return to walking around.People used to taking the subway, now they’re in a wheelchair, or they may need help going to the bathroom. They become frailer and lose independence，” she said. The word “frailer” in paragraph 5 probably means_______.

In 1950, Helena Rubinstein was one of the richest women in the world.She started with nothing. She had no money, no education, and no one to help her. All she had were 12 jars of face cream and a lot of energy and ambition. She turned there into a multimillion-dollar cosmetics （化妆品）empire. Helena Rubinstein was born in 1870 in Krakow, Poland.She was the oldest of eight girls. Helena’s mother thought that beauty was very important. She used a special skin cream that a foreign chemist made for her. Helena’s mother made all of her daughters use it too. Helena’s father wanted her to be a doctor. But she hated medicine and left school. Her father was very angry. Then he wanted her to get married, but she refused.In 1992, she went to Melbourne, Australia, to live with a cousin and an uncle. She took only her clothes and 12 jars of face cream. Helena didn’t speak English. She had no money and no plans. After she arrived, everyone noticed her beautiful skin. In Australia, the hot and dry weather is very bad for the skin. When she told some of the women about the face cream, they all wanted some. Helena sold them her cream and then ordered more. Helena borrowed $1,500 and opened a shop to sell the cream. She worked 18 hours a day, seven days a week. She lived simply and saved all of her profits. She also learned how to make different kinds of creams and showed women how to take care of their skin. It was the first shop of this kind in the world. In less than two years, Rubinstein had paid her loan and saved $50,000. She made more and more money every year. All this time, she thought only of work and success. A newspaper reporter named Edward Titus was in love with her. But she was not interested in him. She left Australia and went to Europe to learn more about the science of beauty. Which of the following is probably the best title for this passage?

She_________her finger to her as a sign for silence.

Every single thing you are not satisfied with in your life is a result of a bad habit. If you don’t have enough money，it’s because bad habits kept you from taking action. If you are not as fit as you would like to be, it’s because of bad habits that kept you glued to the couch. Would you like to change that ? The only thing that separates successes from failures is successful habits. But developing good habits is easier said than done. We find it hard to build good habits because we spend every day floating down the river of life with no oars (浆) .So what should we do? Henry Ford said it best, “Whether you think you can,or you think you can’t，you’re right. ” Belief is the root of change. The strongest force in human behavior is the need to act in line with our self-identity or our belief of who we are. To change a habit, you must believe that you can actually do it. Often our habits are so conditioned into our being that we move through those patterns without any thought or consciousness as to what we are doing. Interrupting the old patterns creates a space for new ones. A few ways to interrupt your pattern are to shock yourself or say something funny that makes you laugh or interrupt it through some physical action. One woman put a can of dog food next to her fridge to interrupt her pattern every time she reached out for some junk food. The possibilities are limited only by your imagination. The goal is to get you out of a preprogrammed way of being by engaging in a behavior that shocks you，so as to change your state and help you move into another pattern. The phrase“floating down the river of life with no oars”( ParA .2) means that people tend to_______.

Can eating a chocolate bar every day really prevent age-related memory loss? People would say “No”. Can eating chocolate cake for breakfast, lunch and dinner be good for your heart? Again, they would say“No”,because that would be too good to be true. But new research shows that large amounts of flavanols （黄烧醇），substances found in cocoa （可可），tea and some vegetables, may reverse age-related memory failure. Another study is looking to see if high levels of cocoa flavanols can help prevent heart attacks and strokes. Flavanols found in dark chocolate are known to increase blood flow in the part of the brain that controls memory. They also help prevent heart disease by lowering blood pressure and “bad” cholesterol （胆固醇）.A new study published online found that cocoa flavanols reverse minor memory loss in older adults. Dr. Scott Small, a professor at Columbia University, is the lead writer of a research paper describing the effects of cocoa flavanols on brain activity. The study involved 37 volunteers aged between 50 and 69. Researchers gave them a high-level flavanol drink made from cocoa beans or a low-level flavanol drink. For a period of three months, some subjects got 900mg of flavanol a day while the others got 10mg. Brain imaging and memory tests were given to each subject before and after the study. Dr. Small says that the subjects who had the high-level flavanol drink showed much improvement on memory tests. The researchers warn that more work is needed because this study was performed on a small group. Researchers at Women ’s Hospital in Boston recently announced plans to do just that. Studies show that flavanols can do all the following EXCEPT_______.

Can eating a chocolate bar every day really prevent age-related memory loss? People would say “No”. Can eating chocolate cake for breakfast, lunch and dinner be good for your heart? Again, they would say“No”,because that would be too good to be true. But new research shows that large amounts of flavanols （黄烧醇），substances found in cocoa （可可），tea and some vegetables, may reverse age-related memory failure. Another study is looking to see if high levels of cocoa flavanols can help prevent heart attacks and strokes. Flavanols found in dark chocolate are known to increase blood flow in the part of the brain that controls memory. They also help prevent heart disease by lowering blood pressure and “bad” cholesterol （胆固醇）.A new study published online found that cocoa flavanols reverse minor memory loss in older adults. Dr. Scott Small, a professor at Columbia University, is the lead writer of a research paper describing the effects of cocoa flavanols on brain activity. The study involved 37 volunteers aged between 50 and 69. Researchers gave them a high-level flavanol drink made from cocoa beans or a low-level flavanol drink. For a period of three months, some subjects got 900mg of flavanol a day while the others got 10mg. Brain imaging and memory tests were given to each subject before and after the study. Dr. Small says that the subjects who had the high-level flavanol drink showed much improvement on memory tests. The researchers warn that more work is needed because this study was performed on a small group. Researchers at Women ’s Hospital in Boston recently announced plans to do just that. The high-level flavanol drink used in the study is made from_______.

When traveling, you are advised to take credit cards,________is more convenient than carrying money in cash.

Hard________they tried, they failed to climb to the mountain top.

Postage ________,the smart phone will cost you at least 3,000 yuan.

________the atmosphere around our Earth, we would not be able to live.

（）man, woman, and child in the US should wear a seat belt.

The patient was fully（）during the operation.

The statement had to be delivered to someone who could（）it to the press.

Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair（）.

—What did you do in the garden? —I watched my father（）his motorbike.

All that you said（）true. All（）reading their textbooks when the teacher entered.

It was（）it raised many difficult questions that the book took a long time to come out.

Manager: When are you gonna take your vacation? Woman:___1___My husband and I haven’t had a chance to have a vacation over the past three this time. Why?___2___ Manager: Well would it be too inconvenient for you to wait until next month? Woman: Hm... not really.___3___but I"ve got to talk about it with my husband. Manager: ___4___. I really appreciate your being so flexible. （）My husband and I haven’t had a chance to have a vacation over the past three this time.

Gary: Hi, Mike, we’re having a party tonight, wanna come join us? You can bring your girlfriend. Mike: Well...___5___ Gary: What happened? Did you have a fight? Mike: No.___6___ Gary: Yeah, she is. She’s pretty, caring, and easy-going. And she’s a great cook! Mike: Well, you’re right. But sometimes she’s too caring... well... no... she’s just possessive... and... uh... I kind of want a break... you know... for some room for myself. Gary: Oh?!___7___ Mike. I’ve tried, but... it didn’t work. Gary: Oh. So, when are you going to tell her? Mike: Maybe tonight. I don’t know. I don’t know how to tell her. Oh?!（）。

Blanca: Hello. I’m calling about the apartment you advertised. Manager: Yes___8___ Blanca: I’m interested in a one-bedroom apartment. Do you have any available? Manager: Yes. I have one. When do you need it? Blanca: Sometime around next week. What can you tell me about this apartment? Manager: ___9___The monthly rent is $650, with a $300 security deposit. You pay electricity only. Gas and water is included. Both the heat and stove are gas. You’ll be assigned a sheltered parking space at no extra charge.___10___ Blanca: Sounds good. May I come over tomorrow to take a look? Manager: Sure. Yes（）。

Blanca: Hello. I’m calling about the apartment you advertised. Manager: Yes___8___ Blanca: I’m interested in a one-bedroom apartment. Do you have any available? Manager: Yes. I have one. When do you need it? Blanca: Sometime around next week. What can you tell me about this apartment? Manager: ___9___The monthly rent is $650, with a $300 security deposit. You pay electricity only. Gas and water is included. Both the heat and stove are gas. You’ll be assigned a sheltered parking space at no extra charge.___10___ Blanca: Sounds good. May I come over tomorrow to take a look? Manager: Sure. You’ll be assigned a sheltered parking space at no extra charge.（）。

Mark: There is a sailor there. I’m going to ask that sailor if he knows where I can find a boat to Mosquito City. Mark: ___1___ Sailor: Yeah. What can I do for you, buddy? Mark: I am going to...___2___ Sailor: Mosquito City. Oh! Wow! Well, it’s a great place, Mosquito City, buddy! Mark: Ok, so I want to go there.___3___ Sailor: No, but if you walk about a mile to your left, you will come across a big banana boat. Mark: A banana boat? ... that direction? Sailor: Yeah, just ask for John. He is a friend of mine. Ok?___4___ Mark: Ok. Ok. Good on you. 空格1应选（）。

The following is an African folktale: Long ago the sky was close to the Earth. People did not have to plant their own food. Instead when they were hungry, they just reached up and broke off a piece of the sky to eat. Sometimes the sky tasted like ripe bananas. Other times it tasted like roasted potatoes. The sky was always delicious. People spent their time making beautiful cloth. They painted beautiful pictures and sang songs at night. The grand king, Oba, had a wonderful palace. His servants made beautiful shapes out of pieces of the sky. Many people in the kingdom did not use the gift of the sky wisely. When they took more than they could eat, the sky became angry. Some people threw the extra pieces into the garbage. Early one morning the angry sky turned dark. Black clouds hung over the land, and a great sky voice said to all the people, “You are wasting my gift of food. Do not take more than you can eat. I don’t want to see pieces of me in the garbage anymore or I will take my gift away ” The king and the people trembled with fear. King Oba said, “Let’s be careful about how much food we take.” For a long time, all the people were careful. But one man named Adami wasn’t careful. At festival time, he took so many delicious pieces of the sky that he couldn’t eat them all. He knew he must not throw them away. So he decided to try to hide the pieces at the bottom of the garbage pile. Suddenly, the sky became angry and the clouds turned black. “You have wasted my gift of food again,” yelled the sky. “This time I will go away so you cannot waste me anymore. You will have to learn how to plant crops in the ground and hunt in the forests. If you work hard, you may learn not to waste the gifts of nature.” Everyone watched as the sky sailed away. From that time on, they worked hard to grow their food and cook their meals. They always tried to remember not to waste the gifts of nature. What lesson does the folktale want us to learn（）?

Each year over 600 million people travel internationally. Hundreds of millions more journey within their home country, doing so for both work and pleasure. As a result, the tourist industry—including hotels, scenic spots, airlines, travel agencies, and other businesses—is described as “the world’s number one employer.” Worldwide, tourism generates an estimated four trillion dollars annually. Individual tourists may not view themselves as part of a worldwide peace movement, but this is how the UN World Tourism Organization describes the industry. In 2004, Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-general of the organization, told a presidential conference in the Middle East, “Tourism and peace are inseparable. The forces released by tourism are so powerful that they can change apparently irreversible situations and bring about peace where none was considered possible.” What are the origins of this influential industry? Is tourism truly a force for good? And can “the forces released by tourism” really bring peace? The seeds of the modern tourist industry in the West were sown especially in the 19th century. As the industrial revolution swelled the ranks of the middle classes in Europe and the United States,a growing number of people found themselves with both the money and the time to travel. In addition, great advances were made in methods of mass transportation. Powerful engines pulled passengers between major cities, and great steamships sped them between continents. To deal with the growing traffic, large hotels sprang up near railway terminals and shipping ports. In 1841, English businessman Thomas Cook saw the potential in tying these elements together He was the first to combine transportation, accommodation, and activities at desired locations into a holiday package tour. “Due to the system founded by Mr. Cook,” noted the British statesman Will Jam Gladstone in the 1860’s, “whole classes have for the first time found easy access to foreign countries and have acquired some of the familiarity with them which breeds not contempt（蔑视）but kindness.” By “the world’s number one employer”（Para.1）， the author means that the tourist industry（）.

There’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up with a term to describe way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. And now a big research study confirms it. Barry Wellman’s term is “networked individualism.” It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seem to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks. Here’s what he means. Until the Internet and e-mail came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was mainly person to person, in real time. But the latest study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s a good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits（隐居者）who shut out other people in favor of a make-believe world on computer screens. To the contrary, the Pew study discovered that the Internet has put us in touch with many MORE real people than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on careers, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or crucial role in helping them deal with major life decision. So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same time reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse! In this passage, the network refers to a lot of connected（）.

Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work. Maybe that is why there are so many expressions that use the word “cold”. For centuries the body’s blood has been linked closely with emotions. People who show no human emotions or feelings, for example, are said to be cold-blooded. Cold-blooded people act in cruel ways. They may do brutal（残忍的）things to others and not by accident. For example, a newspaper says the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer. The killer murdered someone not in self-defense or because he was reacting to anger or fear. He seemed to kill for no reason and with no emotion as if taking someone’s life meant nothing. Cold can affect other parts of the body, the feet, for example. Heavy socks can warm your feet if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression “to get cold feet” that has nothing to do with cold or your feet. The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do. For example, you agreed to be president of an organization, but then you learned that all the other officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation. A cold fish is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone else. Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted. Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy. Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who without feeling broke the hearts of their lovers. “Out in the cold” means not getting something that everybody else has got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise, that he was left out in the cold, and it is not a pleasant place to be in. A cold fish is a person who（）.

Plastic bags are fast choking our planet. They are expensive for not only consumers but also the environment; the need of the hour is therefore to come up with eco-friendly bags. Environment friendly bags are the latest and most fashionable to hit the market. Environment friendly people want to be associated and seen with natural fiber bags. Multicolored patch work bags and printed bags are everyone’s favorite. Most eco-friendly bags are made of cotton. These bags are very comfortable and elegant. They are not only attractive but also long lasting. A cotton bag is a simple and stylish way to eliminate waste and make a fashion statement. Cotton bags with unique patterns and designs are simple and stylish to carry around. Cotton fiber is soft-touch and most comfortable. Finishing processes of cotton are numerous, reflecting today’s tremendous range and combination of colors and special qualities. The bags are reusable and represent a sustainable（持续的）alternative to traditional materials. Introducing this exciting new message of environmental sustainability is Kariwala Green Bags, which makes a vast range of environment friendly bags. Its cotton bags are simple yet elegant. The collection is vast to suit all needs and situations: beach bags, wine bottle bags, shopping and gif bags, promotional bags, and fashion bags. The company, with its special emphasis on quality, has taken steps to carry the environmental message to the world ready to embrace a brighter ecological future. With its strong presence in over 42 countries worldwide, the company has transformed the simplest cotton bags into a revolution in the Western world. Be the one to make a resolution to reduce the strain on Mother Nature and look good in the process. To make the earth a better place to live in and to know more about long-lasting and fashionable eco-friendly bags, please visit http://www.kariwala.com. The phrase “to come up with”（Para.1）means “（）”.

It is becoming more and more difficult to be sure that the food we eat is not actually harming us. We seem to get one food scare after another. Several of these, recently, have concerned genetically modified (GM) foods. Although some experts tell us that these foods will do us no harm and that the concern about them is just scaremongering (spreading of rumour), it would not be the first time that such statements turned out to be wrong. In any case, other experts tell us that GM food is potentially very damaging to health and, at the very best, the jury is still out on the matter. In many countries, products which have been genetically modified are supposed to show this information on their labels, but now some of the large food producers are saying that it is growing increasingly difficult to separate GM food from the conventional varieties. Meanwhile, people go on protesting over the sowing of trial GM crops. Pesticides（杀虫剂）and chemical fertilizers are also a cause of concern. In the last few years, a great many people have started to buy organic produce, although this is much more expensive than that which is grown using modern conventional methods. They do so in an effort to stop filling their bodies, and those of their children, with poisonous chemicals。 Some experts claim that organically grown food is no healthier than other food, because the poison level in food is not high enough to be harmful. However, there is an increased demand for organic food and this is not a temporary fashion. There are those who feel that some experts may not be objective, but are part of the powerful food lobby, the chief concern of which is to increase organic food production with a corresponding increase in profits. The use of additives（添加剂）, also, is a source of anxiety to consumers. These are often added to food to improve the colour or the flavour. However, it is thought that some of these may be the cause of allergies（过敏）, or even the cause of behavioural problems in children. We have to eat to live. The problem is: what is safe to eat? Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards the food we eat（）?

The offer is seen as an（）to improve relations between the employer and employees.

The policemen have tried to identify the cause of the accident one way or（）, but in vain.

With high speed trains connecting the entire country, many cities are now（）within a few hours.

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes Mountains. They reached the top successfully , but on their way back conditions were very difficult. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon continued alone , he would probably get back___1___. But Simon decided to risk his___2___and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）. As they___3___down , the weather got worse. Then another damage occurre D.They couldn’t see or hear each other and ,___4___, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）. It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe’s ___5____was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice [答案]Finally , after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold , Simon had to___6___. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe___7___into a large crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn’t walk , but he managed to get out of the crevasse and started to move towards their camp , nearly ten kilometers___8___. Simon had returned to the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be___9___, but he didn’t want to leave immediately. Three days in the middle of the night , he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’t___10___it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent , still alive. 5应选（）。