Thefashion industry blatantly pays attention to plus-size women. A good fitis everything,stylists often counsel, but in assessing its market America'sfashion business appears to have mislaid the measuring tape. A frequently-citedstudy done a few years ago by Plunkett Research, a market-research firm, foundthat 67% of American women were “plus-size”, meaning size 14 or larger.
Thatfigure will not have changed much, but in 2016, only 18% of clothing sold wasplus-size,according to NPD Group, another research firm.
Designersand retailers have long thought of the plus-size segment as high-risk.Predicting what these customers will buy can be difficult, as they tend to bemore cautious about styles. Making larger clothes is more expensive; highercosts for fabric cannot always be passed on to consumers.In turn, plus-sizewomen shopped less because the industry was not serving them well. “We have moneybut nowhere to spend it,” says Kristine Thompson, who runs a blog called TrendyCurvy and has nearly 150000 followers on Instagram, a social-media site.
At last,that is changing. Fast-fashion brands, including Forever 21 and a fashion linesold in partnership with Target, a giant retailer, have expanded theirplus-size collections. Lane Bryant, a plus-size retailer, and Prabal Garung, adesigner, have done the same. In March, Nike extended its“X-sized”sportswear range. Revenue in the plus-size category increased by 14%between 2013 and2016, compared with growth of 7% for all apparel.
Socialmedia has played an important role in changing attitudes in the fashionbusiness, says Madeline Jones, editor and co-founder of PLUS Model Magazine.Nonetheless, designer brands still hold back (Walmart sells the most plus-sizeapparel). Some brands, such as Michael Kors, do sell plus-size ranges but donot advertise them or display them on websites. Gwynnie Bee, Stitch Fix and Dia&Co,for example, share information with designers on preferred styles and fits.Tracy Reese,a designer known for creating Michelle Obama's dress for theDemocratic National Convention in2012, is one brand that recently enlistedGwynnie Bee's help to create a new plus-size collection.Gwynnie Bee promptedthe label to create bigger patterns and more appealing designs.
Not allplus-size shoppers are convinced. Laura Fuentes, a hairstylist from Abilene,Texas, says that many upmarket department stores still keep their plus-sizeclothing sections poorly organized,badly stocked and dimly lit, if they stocklarger clothes at all. Yet such complaints should be taken with a pinch ofsalt, says Ms. Thompson. "We're nowhere near where we should be but we'vemade progress," she says.
Which of the following is not the reason why designers and retailers considerthe plus-size segment as high-risk?
Everydream is a message from your unconscious self, expressed in a code which onlyyou can understand and interpret. The images, colors, moods, and terms of yourdreams depend on your culture, upbringing, slang and your own understanding ofthings and values. Dreaming is like looking into a mirror and seeing yourselfwith your own eyes.
The firstdreams which we have after falling asleep often revolve around the day'sevents. We go through them, sorting out and discarding things we don't need toremember and gaining insight into those we do. Often, we are inspired withsuggestions that we can use to remedy the situations that plague us by day. Aswe progress through the night's dreams, they may take up more fantastic qualities,offering fanciful experiences. These often pleasant images can relieve thestress of the day. But the dream we have just before the awakening oftencontains information the subconscious mind wants to make known to theconscious. And this information, if remembered, interpreted, and understood,can serve as an important tool in our lives.
Dependingupon the content, dreams can strike us with their peculiarity, or sometimeseven their alarming nature. Some dreams haunt us for years, not only because oftheir persistence, but also primarily because we cannot explain or understandthem. Other dreams stand out with weird mixture of images, emotions andcontext, which make us remember them for life. Recurring dreams are quitecommon, and we are facing the same problem over and over again. A recurringdream is often a sign of some emotional weakness in our nature, which causes usproblems over the years.
Luciddreams are rare, but they are all about people's ability to control theirdreams. In such a dream, the dreamer becomes consciously aware that he/she isdreaming and is able to use the memory and participate in dream actions and emotions.Lucid dreams are usually enhanced in a sensory and imaginary way, and sometimescan be accompanied by pleasant music. People can learn the techniques ofcontrolling their dreams. Some historic manuscripts and records say that theability to control dreams helps a person to reach a higher degree of minddevelopment. This is what some Tibetan Buddhists and Islam followers practicedfor the purpose of elevation in consciousness.
Theword “lucid” (Para.4) refers to_______.
Canelectricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power,the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band ofscientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure toelectromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies.The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes intocontact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, frompower lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Becauseevidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has beenhard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity islegitimate——or the worst kind of paranoia.
Now thealarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review,released in draft form late last week,the EPA has put forward what amounts tothe most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludesthat scientific evidence“suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequencyelectromagnetic fields--those having very long wave-lengths--and leukemia,lymphoma and brain cancer, while the report falls short of classifying ELFfields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magneticfield as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans”.
The report is no reason topanic--or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. Theevidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal ofdebate within the Administration, and the EPA released it over strongobjections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny thatthe issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.
At theheart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: Whenan electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagneticfield that exerts forces on surrounding objects. For many years, scientistsdismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily becausethey are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a videoterminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength ofthe earth's
ownmagnetic field, the electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells willbe only about 1 millivolt per meter.This is far less than the electric fieldsthat the cells themselves generate.
Howcould such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be thatthey could not, and for decades, scientists concentrated on more powerful kindsof radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons outof the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations havebeen clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations tocontrol emissions.
Butepidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets ofdata, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory workshowing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animaltissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths hasnever been found.
ThePentagon is far from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPAreport, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entiredocument”toward proving a link.“Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that(electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,”the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lendits imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon's concern is understandable.There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavyuse of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towersto the defense systems built into every warship and plane.
Whatdo you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?
Peopleoften complained about not getting "a good night's sleep", but sleeppattems differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours ofsleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, mostpeople today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is notthe way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, peopledivided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.
Beforethe 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire,candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack ofartificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It madesense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period,you mightbe a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall intobed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In thisfirst period of sleep---called
firstsleep--you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards. Halfwaythrough the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. Whenyou came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You mighttalk with a bedfellow,meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream,or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might getout of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.
Then youwould start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again foryour second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylightarrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke upearly to take advantage of sunlight.
Today,human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers saythat it is actually a more natural sleep pattem. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S.National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks thatmodem sleep problems occur because the orderly,natural way of sleep is breakingthrough the more recent continuous sleep pattem. Wehr and other scientistsbelieve that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In aresearch study, he
asked 15adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours (from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00A.M.). At first,the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fellasleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an
hour oftwo, and then slept again for four hours till early morning.
Unlikethe people in the study, we modem humans generally do not practice dividedsleep.However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of thenight. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps weshould look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we shouldall be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relaxation period and a secondperiod of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-pacedlives.
Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
Everydream is a message from your unconscious self, expressed in a code which onlyyou can understand and interpret. The images, colors, moods, and terms of yourdreams depend on your culture, upbringing, slang and your own understanding ofthings and values. Dreaming is like looking into a mirror and seeing yourselfwith your own eyes.
The firstdreams which we have after falling asleep often revolve around the day'sevents. We go through them, sorting out and discarding things we don't need toremember and gaining insight into those we do. Often, we are inspired withsuggestions that we can use to remedy the situations that plague us by day. Aswe progress through the night's dreams, they may take up more fantastic qualities,offering fanciful experiences. These often pleasant images can relieve thestress of the day. But the dream we have just before the awakening oftencontains information the subconscious mind wants to make known to theconscious. And this information, if remembered, interpreted, and understood,can serve as an important tool in our lives.
Dependingupon the content, dreams can strike us with their peculiarity, or sometimeseven their alarming nature. Some dreams haunt us for years, not only because oftheir persistence, but also primarily because we cannot explain or understandthem. Other dreams stand out with weird mixture of images, emotions andcontext, which make us remember them for life. Recurring dreams are quitecommon, and we are facing the same problem over and over again. A recurringdream is often a sign of some emotional weakness in our nature, which causes usproblems over the years.
Luciddreams are rare, but they are all about people's ability to control theirdreams. In such a dream, the dreamer becomes consciously aware that he/she isdreaming and is able to use the memory and participate in dream actions and emotions.Lucid dreams are usually enhanced in a sensory and imaginary way, and sometimescan be accompanied by pleasant music. People can learn the techniques ofcontrolling their dreams. Some historic manuscripts and records say that theability to control dreams helps a person to reach a higher degree of minddevelopment. This is what some Tibetan Buddhists and Islam followers practicedfor the purpose of elevation in consciousness.
Dreams can only be understood by the dreamer because_______.
Comeon--Everybody's doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and halfforcing,is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. Itusually leads to no good--drinking, drugs and casual sex, But in her new bookJoin the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be apositive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizationsand officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve theirlives and possibly the world.
Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social curein action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called RageAgainst the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-preventioninitiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex amongtheir peers.
The ideaseems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lamenessof many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressurefor healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology. "Dare to be different,please don't smoke!" pleads onebillboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers--teenagers, whodesire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly thatpublic-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled atapplying peer pressure.
But onthe general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant details and not enoughexploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure sopowerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here isthat it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed oncestate funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lastingchanges is limited and mixed.
There'sno doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emergingbody of research shows that positive health habits--as well as negativeones--spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is asubtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we seeevery day.
Far lesscertain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select ourpeer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like theteacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them withbetter-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's theproblem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, asin school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
Inthe author's view, Rosenberg's book fails to_______.
Comeon--Everybody's doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and halfforcing,is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. Itusually leads to no good--drinking, drugs and casual sex, But in her new bookJoin the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be apositive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizationsand officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve theirlives and possibly the world.
Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social curein action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called RageAgainst the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-preventioninitiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex amongtheir peers.
The ideaseems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lamenessof many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressurefor healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology. "Dare to be different,please don't smoke!" pleads onebillboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers--teenagers, whodesire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly thatpublic-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled atapplying peer pressure.
But onthe general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant details and not enoughexploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure sopowerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here isthat it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed oncestate funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lastingchanges is limited and mixed.
There'sno doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emergingbody of research shows that positive health habits--as well as negativeones--spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is asubtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we seeevery day.
Far lesscertain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select ourpeer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like theteacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them withbetter-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's theproblem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, asin school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors_______.
Thelights go out--another power failure. "Get the candles," Mom says,and I do. My younger brother and I search every room to collect the tallcandles and holders (烛台) spaced around the house. I hurry from shelf to shelf gathering wax蜡) sticks in my arms and place them in the living room,a few candles in each comer except for a small red votive. That one I keep. Itis the one I will take to the coffee table to use to read. I slide my book,Things Fall Apart, beside the candle holder,
determinedto finish the last three chapters, but lacking determination. So the bookremains closed.A sigh escapes my brother's lips.
"Thisis boring," he says. A drop of wax falls on my book. "I know," Isay, but really, I am enjoying the stillness. I like to watch the candle bumand feel that life is simple. I like to look out of the window into animmediate darkness unspoiled by unpleasant light. I love these silent moments
when Ifeel as if I can live the way they lived, the people of the past--theEgyptians, the Pilgrims (朝圣者), the Greeks--anyone who ever lived to see the black color I'mseeing, anyone who lived to see a yellow flame and depended on it. I feel atonce with a secret, ancient age. I'm convinced that night, in this disturbedstate, is the closest a person can get to experience the past.
So, whatwas night really like for them? Night, as we know it now, is a pleasant, lovingthing compared to the incomprehensible darkness that covered Earth's firstpeople. Even its beauty seemed unmatched.
What dida farmer's family do at night? Of course, the darkness must have brought them together,forced them into each other's company as it has done to us tonight--developed aclose relationship in a time of fear and uncertainty. A fire probably burntbrightly in a central room where the family gathered to talk and relax. Nightwas a time when men and women were liberated from work and socialized. They hadno computers or TVs, and had to make do with books, religion, and conversation.At their bedside, they prayed to God, and felt a sense of security that theywere out of the darkness and harm's reach.
Nevertheless,to run a risk of going outside was sometimes necessary, and the threat ofrobbers,wolves, even the ethereal (太空精灵), was present. What emotions did thesepeople feel? Did they witness a deep bright blue cloud across heaven? Whatwould it have been like to feel the night,heavy and damp against my back? Wouldit have taken me, choked me with its powerful hands,separated me from otherpeople? Or would those have been awful dreams, and dreams only?
Iimagine a young girl, stepping outside her home and into a desert for some air.A cool,earthy smell would greet her. There's a sky with millions of stars--farmore than a person could see today--and there's the moon. It's the largestobject in the sky, the midnight sun that shines in the world, the traveler'storch. It inspires stories of uncertainty, stories of power. I imagine thisgirl amazed at the moon and stars. If she wanders too far, she needn't worry,for the stars will lead her
backhome.
Bzzz!The lights return. Everyone cheers and abandons the room, happy that theirperiod of being lonely is over, everyone except me. I pull my candle closer,and stare into the night. The glory is gone; it has been made less bright bystreet lamps, electric signs, TVs, and all other manners of artificial light.But in those moments, when every light in every house was off, people may havehad a taste of the old world. They may finally have touched upon the slightfear, the admiration, and there spect that our ancestors felt for the night.
Itcan be inferred that when they stayed outside at night, the people of thepast_______.
请阅读 Passage2，完成问题。
Passage 2
First there were hammers banging．Then paint brushes．Then carpet．Soon we had a new room above the garage．And my grandmother moved in.
It was the late 1960s, I was 10 and had no idea that we were going against the grain, that the trend was for families to splinter, seniors to take better and longer care of themselves, kids to move away younger and younger.
All I knew was that our family had three generations under one roof, which made a difference in who sat where in the car, what desserts mysteriously disappeared overnight and how long you waited outside the bathroom door.
This past week, a new census report raised a lot of eyebrows．In the past decade, there has been a resuming of the family deck: a 30 percent rise in U.S．households with at least three generations, People are moving back in．Generations are consolidating
So I guess we were ahead of our time．Forget about a babysitter．Of course, today this has more to do with money than anything else．Senior citizens have a harder time paying their bills and their children have a harder time shelling out monthly checks for retirement or nursing homes．Kids can’t find jobs, even college grads．What it means, ultimately, is more people under one roof, with a broader span of years between them．Braces and dentures．Grey hair and dyed hair．This is lamented as a regrettable consequence of a feeble economy．But I’m not sure it’s a bad thing.
I learned a lot from having our grandmother in the house．For one thing, it beat hiring a babysitter we didn’t like．And there was someone else to take us to school or drive us to places when our folks were working．There was another family member at the school plays and another person to cry to if we were hurting．I got to watch how my mother related to her mother, and I saw that mine wasn’t the only generation that found the one before it confounding and, at times, infuriating.
I also heard more family history than I did with just one older generation under the roof．There was no shortage of conversation．Dinners were louder and animated．In short, we were bigger．My grandmother spoke about grant’s neighborhood, sitting on fire escapes and drinking egg creams, and talked about listening to the radio during the Pearl Harbor attacks．They talked about relatives I’d never met and never would meet, my bloodline.(缺失部分内容)
It wasn’t all “The Waltons”．I knew who I was and where I came from more once my grandmother called our home her home.
There’s a wonderful film called “Avalon” that follows an immigrant’s family in the 20th century．At the beginning of the film, it is Thanksgiving, and a small city home is Jammed with uncles, aunts, grandparents, kids．At the end of the film, years later, it is Thanksgiving again, and a family of four sits in a suburban kitchen eating with the TV on．Yes, it was cramped, sometimes annoying, and it was no fun waiting for a shower or hearing my grandmother snoring．But years later, when she finally moved out, I can tell you this．It got quieter．It was less funny．We were still a family, but we were … smaller.
So the economy may be driving us more under one roof, and we may whine that our independence is withering．But for centuries, kids, parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents have been sharing space, and when it stopped, we began complaining about the collapse of family values．Maybe the economy, of all things, is offering us a small fix.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “raised a lot of eyebrows” in Paragraph 4?
阅读Passage l，完成问题。
Passage 1
In recent years, however, society has come to understand the limitations of schools that merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottom one-third to one-half of the rank order —plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading, writing, and mathematical proficiencies needed to survive in, let alone contribute to, an increasingly technically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools to leave no child behind, society is asking that educators raise up the bottom of the rank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our"academic achievement standards". Every state has them, and, as a matter of public policy, schools are to be held accountable for making sure that all students meet them.
To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process. For the foresee-able future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However, society now dictates that such a celebration of differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all.
The implications of this change in mission for the role of assessment are profound. Assessment and grad-ing procedures designed to permit only a few students to succeed ( those at the top of the rank-order distribu-tion) must now be revised to permit the possibility that all students could succeed at some appropriate level.
Furthermore, procedures that permitted( perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness and to stop trying must now be replaced by others that promote hope and continuous effort. In short, the entire emotional environment surrounding the prospect of being evaluated must change, especially for perennial low achievers.
The students' mission is no longer merely to beat other students in the achievement race. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believe that all students can achieve a certain level of academic success, must bring all of their students to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiated instruction, and must guide all students toward the attainment of standards.
The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificial scarcity of success.
Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards, cooperation and collaboration must come into play. The driving forces must be confidence, optimism, and persistence--for all, not just for some. All students must come to believe that they can succeed at learning if they try. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. This new understanding has spawned increased interest in formative assessment in recent years.
Which is meant by the author about the emotional promise of assessment for students?
Theritual of English tea time is believed to have originated in the late 1700'swhen Anna,Duchess of Bedford, ordered that a plate of cakes be sent up to herwith her afternoon cup of tea.
TheDuchess chronically experienced a “sinking feeling” (what we would term “lowblood sugar”) in the late afternoon. To tide her over the long hours betweenmeals she turned to carbohydrates.
Other royals immediately copied theDuchess, and afternoon tea parties became quite
fashionable.Low tables were set up in front of sofas and chairs, and the ladies found a newopportunity to show off pretty clothes, fine china, embroidered linentablecloths and napkins, and silver tableware.
Tea timewas also the time to exchange juicy gossip and serve refreshments. Soon darlinglittle sandwiches and sweet pastries as well as scones were being arranged ondecorative stands and plates for the ladies' pleasure.
The teaparty mania quickly spread across the Atlantic where tea was already enjoyed asa beverage. This fondness for tea was later suppressed by the patrioticAmericans during the era immediately preceding the American Revolution becauseof the unreasonable British tax on tea.
However,by April 27,1776, Congress announced in the Philadelphia Packet that “thedrinking of tea can now be indulged.” The custom of afternoon tea parties wasnot really revived in this country, though, until the mid-1800's, whenVictorian ways were in vogue here. Leisure-class American ladies began having“kettledrums” at 4 p.m.. “Kettledrums”wascalled that in connection with the term “teakettle” . Petits fours and otherdainty delights were served amid Victorian opulence.
A Victorian diarist, Maud Berkeley (Maud:The Illustrated Diary of a Victorian Woman,Chronicle Books,1987) gave ananecdote concerning tea time: "Mrs. Barnes had out a lovely tea-cloth forher tea-party, worked all over with cyclamens and honeysuckle. Shoggie Boucher,unused to such dainty, contrived to slop his tea all over it. Thankful it wasnot I. As it was, my new feather boa, which I wore for the first time, got intomy teacup, causing much alarm and merriment to all assembled. LilianBlack-Barnes was, as ever, strong in adversity and wrung out the offendingobject in the kitchen sink. Fear it may never be the same again, none theless."
Myfamily, mother, and I were able to relieve some of that sophisticated elegance(minus the drippy boa) when we had tea at the Ritz in London. The Palm Court,an open area on the ground floor of the hotel, is a study inturn-of-the-century decor. Gilt statuary, palms, and other plants, and stylishly-setlittle tables beckon welcomingly under high-up, rose-tinted skylights.
Ourwaiter brought us a selection of finger sandwiches of smoked salmon, ham,cucumber,Cheddar cheese, cream cheese, and chives, or egg salad. Scones(similar to American biscuits) were offered with butter, and various preservesand jellies.
Alongwith this we were served Indian or China tea, and hot chocolate for my youngdaughter.
Then thedapper waiter presented a vast tray holding many French pastries and cakes fromwhich we could choose. After several teeny sandwiches and a couple ofmarmalade-coated scones, a chocolate eclair seemed to add carbohydrate overloadto carbo-loading, but “when in England, do as the English do”.
This teafeast was served between 3:30 and 5:30 p.m. Around 10:00 p.m., we had regainedjust enough appetite to sample some fish and chips (French fries), and then weput our weary stomachs and ourselves to bed.
What can be inferred about the writer's opinion concerning what is served atthe British teatime?
请谈谈“重结果的写作教学模式”和“重过程的写作教学模式”的不同。
请谈谈“重结果的写作教学模式”和“重过程的写作教学模式”的不同。
请谈谈重结果的写作教学模式和重过程的写作教学模式的不同，并分别说明这两种教学模式的不足之处。
请谈谈重结果的写作教学模式和重过程的写作教学模式的不同，并分别说明这两种教学模式的不足之处。
下面是某初中教师的课堂教学片段。
(T asked Ss to make sentencesaccording to the information on the blackboard.)
T: Now, let's look at theblackboard and make sentences. I say "I don't have a basketball"andyou say "Our teacher doesn't have a basketball". I say "I have avolleyball" and you say"Our teacher has a volleyball". Li Xing,make the third sentence ... (T wrote sentences on the blackboard.)
Li Xing: Tom have a tennisracket.
T: Is it correct? No, we shouldsay it like this "Tom has a tennis racket". We don't put"have"after "He, She, Tom, Lucy". We should say "HehasShe hasTom hasLucy has ...".
(T wrote the wrong sentence onthe blackboard and corrected it.)
T: Next one, Li Lei, please.
Li Lei: Jim has a ping-pongball.
T: Yes. (T wrote it on theblackboard.) Next one, Zhang Hong, please.
Zhang Hong: Li Lei don't have asoccer ball.
T: No, no, no. Wrong again. Whatis the correct answer?
Ss: Li Lei doesn't have a soccerball.
T: Yes. (T wrote the correctanswer on the blackboard.)
根据所给信息从下列三个方面作答。
请分析学生课堂回答错误的主要原因。
该教师采用了什么方式来纠正学生的错误?
针对学生在该课堂中回答错误的情况，教师应如何进行反馈和引导?
